Типологія літературного пролепсису в контексті наратологічних теорій часу

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано теоретичні погляди на пролепсис українських та зарубіжних наратологів. Досліджено й узагальнено наявні типології пролепсису як специфічного різновиду часової організації художнього твору, запропоновано власні критерії для розмежування типів пролепсису. This article analyzes theoretical views on prolepsis of domestic and foreign narratologists. Existing typologies of prolepsis as a specific kind of temporal ordering of fiction are considered and generalized. The aspect of temporality in the Gérard Genette’s achievements is analyzed. Various forms of inconsistencies between the order of history and order of narrative are called “anachrony” by Genette. The retrospection and the anticipation (prolepsis) are the most common forms of anachrony. G. Genette distinguishes prolepsis for partial and complete, internal and external, the advance notice and the advance mention. Ken Ireland’s views on prolepsis were considered (he differentiates the internal, external, quasiproleptic prolepsis). Manfred Jahn classifies the prolepsis into two types (objective and subjective). Teresa Bridgeman also uses Genette’s terms “the advance notice” and “the advance mention”. Mark Currie proposes his own classification of prolepsis: narratological, structural and rhetorical prolepsis. In the Ukrainian literary criticism prolepsis (anticipation) was the object of study of IhorKachurovski, Lidiya Matsevko-Bekerska, Alisa Menshiy, Ihor Nabytovych. Ganna Maksymenko separates summarized prolepsis, psychologised prolepsis, frame prolepsis. The author of the article concludes that a considerable amount of prolepsis research exists, but the clear and logical classification of prolepsis types in scientific discourse is missing at the moment. Therefore, based on the described theories of prolepsis as a narrative device the following typology is proposed: – depending on the narrative contents: homodiegetic and heterodiegetic prolepsis; – depending on the type of the narrator that provides information; – depending on the implementation of foreknowledge: hypothetical prolepsis, complete prolepsis; – depending on completeness: the advance notice’s prolepsis, summarized prolepsis; – depending on the channel of the reception, which, according to the author’s intention, will be activated during the reader’s perception of the text: audio, visual, verbal prolepsis. The given classification will help to clarify the specifics of the process of the recipient’s anticipation of fictionevents.